diff --git a/model/model_lora.py b/model/model_lora.py
index 8c0c8f0..3228cb3 100644
--- a/model/model_lora.py
+++ b/model/model_lora.py
@@ -18,10 +18,19 @@ class LoRA(nn.Module):
         return self.B(self.A(x))
 
 
-def apply_lora(model, rank=8):
+def apply_lora(model, rank=8, rank_map=None):
+    """
+    Attach LoRA adapters to q/k/v/o projection matrices.
+
+    Args:
+        model: target model.
+        rank: default LoRA rank when ``rank_map`` is not provided.
+        rank_map: optional dict mapping module names to specific ranks.
+    """
     for name, module in model.named_modules():
         if 'lora' not in name and ('q_proj' in name or 'k_proj' in name or 'v_proj' in name or 'o_proj' in name):
-            lora = LoRA(module.weight.shape[1], module.weight.shape[0], rank=rank).to(model.device)
+            target_rank = rank_map.get(name, rank) if rank_map is not None else rank
+            lora = LoRA(module.weight.shape[1], module.weight.shape[0], rank=target_rank).to(model.device)
             setattr(module, "lora", lora)
             original_forward = module.forward
 
diff --git a/trainer/train_lora.py b/trainer/train_lora.py
index 4e2d30f..2324910 100644
--- a/trainer/train_lora.py
+++ b/trainer/train_lora.py
@@ -21,6 +21,83 @@ from trainer.trainer_utils import get_lr, Logger, is_main_process, lm_checkpoint
 warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
 
 
+def _iter_target_modules(model):
+    for name, module in model.named_modules():
+        if 'lora' not in name and ('q_proj' in name or 'k_proj' in name or 'v_proj' in name or 'o_proj' in name):
+            if hasattr(module, 'weight'):
+                yield name, module
+
+
+def _randomized_svd_rank(matrix: torch.Tensor, k: int, q: int, tau: float) -> int:
+    matrix_2d = matrix.detach().float()
+    effective_k = min(k, matrix_2d.shape[0], matrix_2d.shape[1])
+    if effective_k == 0:
+        return 0
+
+    omega = torch.randn(matrix_2d.shape[1], effective_k, device=matrix_2d.device, dtype=matrix_2d.dtype)
+    y = matrix_2d @ omega
+    for _ in range(max(1, q)):
+        y = matrix_2d @ (matrix_2d.transpose(0, 1) @ y)
+
+    q_matrix, _ = torch.linalg.qr(y, mode='reduced')
+    b_matrix = q_matrix.transpose(0, 1) @ matrix_2d
+    _, singular_values, _ = torch.linalg.svd(b_matrix, full_matrices=False)
+    singular_values = singular_values[:effective_k]
+
+    if singular_values.numel() == 0:
+        return 0
+
+    energy = singular_values.pow(2)
+    energy_sum = energy.sum()
+    if energy_sum == 0:
+        return 0
+
+    coverage = torch.cumsum(energy, dim=0) / energy_sum
+    rank_idx = torch.nonzero(coverage >= tau, as_tuple=False)
+    rank = rank_idx[0, 0].item() + 1 if rank_idx.numel() > 0 else singular_values.numel()
+    return min(rank, effective_k)
+
+
+def estimate_ranks(model, loader, steps, autocast_ctx, tau, k, q, device):
+    grad_sums = {name: torch.zeros_like(module.weight, device=device) for name, module in _iter_target_modules(model)}
+    loss_fct = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(reduction='none')
+
+    model.train()
+    for idx, (X, Y, loss_mask) in enumerate(loader):
+        if idx >= steps:
+            break
+
+        X = X.to(device)
+        Y = Y.to(device)
+        loss_mask = loss_mask.to(device)
+
+        with autocast_ctx:
+            res = model(X)
+            loss = loss_fct(
+                res.logits.view(-1, res.logits.size(-1)),
+                Y.view(-1)
+            ).view(Y.size())
+            loss = (loss * loss_mask).sum() / loss_mask.sum()
+            loss += res.aux_loss
+
+        loss.backward()
+
+        for name, module in _iter_target_modules(model):
+            if module.weight.grad is not None:
+                grad_sums[name] += module.weight.grad.detach()
+
+        model.zero_grad(set_to_none=True)
+        torch.cuda.empty_cache()
+
+    rank_map = {}
+    for name, grad in grad_sums.items():
+        rank = _randomized_svd_rank(grad, k=k, q=q, tau=tau)
+        rank_map[name] = rank if rank > 0 else 1
+        Logger(f"LoRA rank for {name}: {rank_map[name]}")
+
+    return rank_map
+
+
 def train_epoch(epoch, loader, iters, lora_params, start_step=0, wandb=None):
     loss_fct = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(reduction='none')
     start_time = time.time()
@@ -99,6 +176,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser.add_argument('--from_resume', default=0, type=int, choices=[0, 1], help="是否自动检测&续训（0=否，1=是）")
     parser.add_argument("--use_wandb", action="store_true", help="是否使用wandb")
     parser.add_argument("--wandb_project", type=str, default="MiniMind-LoRA", help="wandb项目名")
+    parser.add_argument('--rank_eval_steps', default=10, type=int, help="用于rSVD估计秩的batch数量（0表示跳过）")
+    parser.add_argument('--svd_tau', default=0.95, type=float, help="rSVD能量覆盖率阈值τ")
+    parser.add_argument('--svd_k', default=128, type=int, help="rSVD截断奇异值数k")
+    parser.add_argument('--svd_q', default=2, type=int, help="rSVD幂迭代次数q (建议1-2)")
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     # ========== 1. 初始化环境和随机种子 ==========
@@ -125,9 +206,26 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         wandb_run_name = f"MiniMind-LoRA-{args.lora_name}-Epoch-{args.epochs}-BatchSize-{args.batch_size}-LR-{args.learning_rate}"
         wandb.init(project=args.wandb_project, name=wandb_run_name, id=wandb_id, resume=resume)
     
-    # ========== 5. 定义模型、应用LoRA、冻结非LoRA参数 ==========
+    # ========== 5. 定义模型 ==========
     model, tokenizer = init_model(lm_config, args.from_weight, device=args.device)
-    apply_lora(model)
+
+    # ========== 6. rSVD估计各投影层rank ==========
+    train_ds = SFTDataset(args.data_path, tokenizer, max_length=args.max_seq_len)
+    rank_sampler = DistributedSampler(train_ds, shuffle=False) if dist.is_initialized() else None
+    rank_loader = DataLoader(train_ds, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=False, sampler=rank_sampler, num_workers=args.num_workers, pin_memory=True)
+    svd_q = max(1, min(args.svd_q, 2))
+    rank_map = None
+    if args.rank_eval_steps > 0:
+        if dist.is_initialized():
+            if dist.get_rank() == 0:
+                rank_map = estimate_ranks(model, rank_loader, args.rank_eval_steps, autocast_ctx, args.svd_tau, args.svd_k, svd_q, args.device)
+            obj_list = [rank_map]
+            dist.broadcast_object_list(obj_list, src=0)
+            rank_map = obj_list[0]
+        else:
+            rank_map = estimate_ranks(model, rank_loader, args.rank_eval_steps, autocast_ctx, args.svd_tau, args.svd_k, svd_q, args.device)
+
+    apply_lora(model, rank_map=rank_map)
     
     # 统计参数
     total_params = sum(p.numel() for p in model.parameters())
@@ -145,13 +243,12 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         else:
             param.requires_grad = False
     
-    # ========== 6. 定义数据和优化器 ==========
-    train_ds = SFTDataset(args.data_path, tokenizer, max_length=args.max_seq_len)
+    # ========== 7. 定义数据和优化器 ==========
     train_sampler = DistributedSampler(train_ds) if dist.is_initialized() else None
     scaler = torch.cuda.amp.GradScaler(enabled=(args.dtype == 'float16'))
     optimizer = optim.AdamW(lora_params, lr=args.learning_rate)
     
-    # ========== 7. 从ckp恢复状态 ==========
+    # ========== 8. 从ckp恢复状态 ==========
     start_epoch, start_step = 0, 0
     if ckp_data:
         model.load_state_dict(ckp_data['model'], strict=False)
@@ -160,12 +257,12 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         start_epoch = ckp_data['epoch']
         start_step = ckp_data.get('step', 0)
     
-    # ========== 8. DDP包模型 ==========
+    # ========== 9. DDP包模型 ==========
     if dist.is_initialized():
         model._ddp_params_and_buffers_to_ignore = {"freqs_cos", "freqs_sin"}
         model = DistributedDataParallel(model, device_ids=[local_rank])
     
-    # ========== 9. 开始训练 ==========
+    # ========== 10. 开始训练 ==========
     for epoch in range(start_epoch, args.epochs):
         train_sampler and train_sampler.set_epoch(epoch)
         if epoch == start_epoch and start_step > 0: # 第一个epoch且存在检查点